25.4 Scatter graphs and correlation — Practise
- On two days, sunshine rises from hours to hours and ice cream sales rise from to . State the direction of correlation.
- A pupil studies for hours and scores . Write the coordinate pair if hours are plotted first.
- During a journey, time rises from minutes to minutes while distance remaining falls from km to km. State the direction of correlation.
- A line of best fit passes through and . Estimate when .
- In a sample, shoe size rises from to as reading age rises from to . Does this prove that larger shoes cause higher reading ages?
- A scatter graph contains , with no clear upward or downward pattern. Describe its correlation.
- The observed values range from to . Is an estimate at interpolation or extrapolation?
- The observed values range from to . Is an estimate at interpolation or extrapolation?
- A scatter graph contains . Describe the direction and strength of the correlation.
Answers and concise solutions
1. Correlation direction
Answer: Positive correlation.
2. Coordinate pair
Answer: .
3. Correlation direction
Answer: Negative correlation.
4. Estimate from the line
Answer: Gradient ; estimate .
5. Interpret a correlation
Answer: No. Correlation alone does not show that one variable causes the other.
6. Describe the pattern
Answer: There is no correlation, or no clear correlation.
7. Name the estimate type
Answer: Interpolation, because 8 is within the observed range.
8. Name the estimate type
Answer: Extrapolation, because 16 is outside the observed range.
9. Describe correlation
Answer: Strong positive correlation.